Study shows human tendency to help others is universal SciReports
Prosociality and cooperation are key to what makes us human. But different cultural norms can shape our evolved capacities for interaction, leading to differences in social relations. How people share resources has been found to vary across cultures, particularly when stakes are high and when interactions are anonymous. Here we examine prosocial behavior among familiars in eight cultures on five continents, using video recordings of spontaneous requests for immediate, low-cost assistance .
We use a novel approach to describe small-scale patterns of human cooperation , complementing and extending knowledge from existing research based on experimental games, field observation, and social-network modeling, among other methods. We thus aim to contribute to an integrated understanding of human prosocial behavior. We adopt a comparative behavioral coding approach to video-recorded data from everyday social life in diverse cultural settings.
Our research is based in extensive field work and on the analysis of video recordings of everyday home/village life in a set of geographically, linguistically, and culturally diverse field sites. We examine human cooperation at the smallest scale observable, that is, in the scale of real-time social interaction in which actions are exchanged at the rate of about one every two seconds.
The themes of prosociality, interdependence, reciprocity, altruism, and cooperation have been central to anthropological research based on in-depth, qualitative investigations going back more than a century. An important line of subsequent work prioritized experimental control for systematic comparison across cultures, using economic games such as the Ultimatum Game.
Another important line of work on human prosociality and cooperation has been guided by the theoretical approach of human behavioral ecology . This approach seeks to understand human behavior from an adaptive evolutionary perspective, using a range of methods that encompass observation, experiments, and social-network modeling22
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