The unexpected discovery has major implications for long-duration space missions, including trips to Mars.
The research began several years ago, as NASA attempted to investigate why nearly two-thirds of astronauts reported blurry vision and impaired eyesight after spending months at the space station. In some cases, those vision problems persisted even after the astronauts had returned to Earth.
In the study, the astronauts underwent ultrasound assessments to measure their left internal jugular vein before launch, at about 50 days into their spaceflight, 150 days into spaceflight and again approximately 40 days after returning to Earth. Dr. Ben Levine, a cardiologist and professor of internal medicine at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, who was a consultant on the study, said that the engorgement seen in the blood vessels did not necessarily mean that the pressure inside them was high.
In the study, the researchers saw improved blood flow when the astronauts wore a lower-body vacuum suit that essentially pulls blood down from the head into the lower extremities — akin to what the human body experiences on Earth thanks to gravity.
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