'Comets often glow brilliantly by sodium emission when very near the Sun, so we suspected sodium could likewise serve a key role in Phaethon’s brightening.'
. Scientists assumed Phaethon behaved like a comet for the longest time due to the dust escaping from the asteroid when impacted by the Sun.
on later solar approaches. The appearance substantiated the theory that dust was escaping the asteroid's surface when heated by the Sun.However, in 2018, a solar mission that imaged part of the Geminid debris trail found something peculiar. NASA's Parker Solar Probe showed that the trail contained more material than what could be shed during Phaethon's close approaches to the Sun.
Zhang was intrigued. He used the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory spacecraft, which contains color filters that can detect sodium and dust, and observed the tail during Phaethon’s latest perihelion in 2022.According to SOHO's observations, the asteroid's tail appeared bright only in the filter that detected sodium, not that detected dust. Also, the tail changed its shape and intensity when Phaethon passed by the Sun, matching precisely what was expected if it were made of sodium.
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