Modern civilisation is built on fossil fuels. If past shifts are a guide, switching to renewable energy will take decades. Tensions with Russia and China make this harder, says Edward Chancellor
”, the Canadian scientist Vaclav Smil describes how the modern carbon-based energy system supplies fuels for transportation, and inputs for what he calls the “four pillars” of our modern economy: iron, cement, plastics and ammonia. Currently there are no readily available mass-scale alternatives for the use of petrochemicals in feedstocks or fuel for bulk shipping and air travel.
Likewise, the transition to clean energy will require lots of fossil fuels. Chinese solar panels are made with electricity generated by burning coal. The trouble is that the oil market is in tight supply. As energy prices rise, the cost of investing in renewables is rising in tandem.
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