Science, Space and Technology News 2024
This multiwavelength image of the Cloverleaf ORC combines visible light observations from the DESI Legacy Survey in white and yellow, X-rays from XMM-Newton in blue, and radio from ASKAP in red. Credit: X. Zhang and M. Kluge , B. Koribalski
Studying these structures, collectively called ORCs , in a different kind of light offered scientists a chance to probe everything from supersonic shock waves to“This is the first time anyone has seen X-ray emission associated with an ORC,” said Esra Bulbul, an astrophysicist at the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics in Garching, Germany, who led the study. “It was the missing key to unlock the secret of the Cloverleaf’s formation.”, no one knew ORCs existed.
When Bulbul learned ORCs hadn’t been studied in X-ray light, she and postdoctoral researcher Xiaoyuan Zhang began poring over data from eROSITA , an orbiting German/Russian X-ray telescope. They noticed some X-ray emission that seemed like it could be from the Cloverleaf, based on less than 7 minutes of observation time.
When galaxies join, their higher combined mass increases their gravity. Surrounding gas begins to fall inward, which heats up the infalling gas. The greater the system’s mass, the hotter the gas becomes.. “That measurement let us deduce that the Cloverleaf ORC is hosted by around a dozen galaxies that have gravitated together, which agrees with what we see in deep visible light images,” Zhang said.
While galaxy group mergers are common, ORCs are very rare. And it’s still unclear how these interactions can produce such strong radio emissions.
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