China’s decision to control the export of two key metals showed it has some power to retaliate against moves by the US, Japan and Europe to cut Beijing off from advanced technology. But it also risks backfiring.
The new export licensing system unveiled late Monday highlighted China’s dominant position in global production of gallium and germanium, which are used to make chips, electric cars and telecommunications equipment. The announcement—just days before US Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen visits Beijing—appears timed to give China leverage as it pushes the White House to remove export controls that risk hobbling the nation’s development.
The move underscores the dilemma facing President Xi Jinping as he seeks to counter US efforts to prevent China from accessing the chips needed to dominate technology like artificial intelligence and quantum computing. Any reciprocal actions only give the US and Europe more ammunition to push for derisking, something Xi’s government has sought to counter.
That incident set off a race to find alternative supplies from China. Output in Australia and the US subsequently increased, pushing China’s share of mining output down to 70 percent of global supply in 2022 from a peak of 98 percent in 2010, according to the US Geological Survey. China said the new licensing system for exports of gallium and germanium, along with their chemical compounds, was aimed at protecting national security—the same justification given by the US and it allies for their export controls.
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