Rotary engines were supposed to change the world.
that rotary steam engines date back to the 1700s. As early as 1908, a number of engineers made rotary internal-combustion engines, but it was German Felix Wankel's basic design that became a production reality. "First, its principle is superior," Yamamoto wrote. "Secondly, enormous and untiring efforts have been made to make it work."
While today we have well and truly accepted the fundamental rightness of the four-stroke piston engine, John B. Hege inpoints out that in the early days of the car, this wasn't necessarily the case. A piston engine is complex, with lots of moving parts; a rotary engine is much simpler, typically with two triangle-shaped rotors attached to an eccentric shaft and no valvetrain whatsoever. The motion of the rotor opens and closes the intake and exhaust ports.
A prototype for a roadgoing rotary engine arrived in 1957, and NSU was soon touting it as the engine of the future.June, 1960 look at the Wankel and other types of rotary engines takes on a tone of skeptical bemusement. It concludes, "[h]undreds of rotary valve types have been tried and it is their uniform and regular failure which tends to make the more sophisticated engineer feel somewhat less than optimistic over any form of rotary engine.
Outside of NSU and Mazda, the only other automaker to put a rotary into production was Citroën. It was a disaster. The French automaker was something of an engineering powerhouse, but it lagged behind on engines. The rotary not only suited Citroen's penchant for quirky engineering, but also its preference for a longitudinal-engine front-wheel drive layout with engine out ahead of the front wheels.
Many around the world may accuse Americans of falsely believing the world revolves around them, but at least where the auto world was concerned in the Seventies, it kind of did. The U.S. was the largest market for many automakers, and so much effort went into meeting our increasingly strict standards. Mazda had a hell of a time trying to meet the emissions standards put forth by the Clean Air Act of 1970, while others just gave up trying. Even including the mighty Mercedes-Benz.
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