The vast empire was divided into two states in the fourth century A.D.
An old adage states that Rome wasn't built in a day, meaning that big projects take time to complete. The Roman Empire, as an example, was established gradually and grew over hundreds of years from a city-state to a colossal empire stretching from Britain to Egypt.
At its height, the Roman Empire covered much of Europe, as well as parts of Africa and Asia. It stretched from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to what is now part of Iraq, Kuwait, Turkey and Syria in the east. So what else played a part?"In my view, two additional factors compounded the basic problem of distance. The first is the rise of Persia to superpower status in the 3rd century [A.D.], which meant Rome had to have an emperor somewhere close to the Persian frontier," Heather said. The second is that by the fourth century, the definition of"Roman" had changed to encompass provincial elites all the way from Scotland to Iraq.
So, if the Roman Empire was divided far earlier than the oft-quoted 395 date, why do historians pinpoint that year as the time the empire split in two?"I suspect that what happens after 395 is that the division looks more stark in hindsight," Humphries said. "Not always," Heather said."It was very hard to divide the office and maintain good relations between colleagues over the long-term. It was done because it was necessary, but it usually generated tension, and this was an unavoidable problem.""The ideal was of two parts ruling in harmony," Humphries said."Emperors in the East and West issued coins in each other's names, and there was military assistance sent to the West from the East against the Vandals.
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