Shark intestines have a unique spiral shape that favors fluid flow in one direction. By learning about the workings of this phenomenon, physicists hope to apply the principles to robotics and other applications. Inventor Nikola Tesla patented a type of pipe that he called a “valvular conduit” in
Different kinds of sharks have intestines with different spiral patterns that favor fluid flow in one direction. Ido Levin and colleagues are recreating those shapes using a 3D printer in order to study the unique fluid flow inside the spirals. Credit: Image courtesy of Ido Levin
Shark intestines have a unique spiral shape that favors fluid flow in one direction. By learning about the workings of this phenomenon, physicists hope to apply the principles to robotics and other applications. Inventor Nikola Tesla patented a type of pipe that he called a “valvular conduit” in 1920. It was built to draw fluid in one direction without any moving parts or added energy and has applications ranging from soft robotics to medical implants. In 2021, scientists discovered that sharks’ spiral-shaped intestines work much the same way, favoring fluid flow in one direction—from head to pelvis., became interested in the physics flow of fluid through these shark spirals.
To study the fluid dynamics through spiral pipes, Levin and Keller collaborated with their colleagues in the Nelson Group at theto create soft, 3D structures that mimic aspects of the shark intestines. “15 or 20 years ago, it was impossible to try and reconstruct these shapes in manmade materials,” Levin said. When they used a rigid material to 3D print the shapes, there was no difference in fluid flow in one direction or the other.
Up until recently, robots have been made with rigid materials and hinges. But using soft materials that can deform in different ways, like an octopus does, opens up a whole world of possibilities, Levin explains, “this is one step forward in trying to understand the basic mechanics of the interaction between membranes and flow.” One day, this seemingly simple system could control industrial or medical devices.
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