Strange pairs of ridges cover the surface of Jupiter’s moon Europa, and they also show up in Greenland – which helped scientists uncover how they formed.
. He and his colleagues analysed how these formed and found that it was due to pockets of liquid water within the ice sheet. When some of that water refreezes, it expands, creating cracks in the ground and pressurising the remaining water, which pushes upwards on either side of the refrozen section. That upwelling causes the parallel ridges.
If the same process creates the ridges across Europa, that implies that there is shallow water within its 20 to 30-kilometre-thick shell of ice – something that , but never in connection with the ridges. “Double ridges are so common across the surface, you really have to have this shallow water pretty much everywhere,” says Culberg.. “If there’s a lot of shallow water in the ice shell, it means that there has to be some amount of exchange between the ocean and the surface,” says Culberg. “That kind of movement allows for the mixing of chemistry and heat that you need in order for life to happen.
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