The two newly identified species of glass frogs are nearly identical to the naked eye, but have large genetic differences—showing many species are yet to be discovered in the tropical Andes
But when he and his colleagues analyzed the frogs’ DNA more closely, “we were surprised to learn they actually sport large genetic differences.”There are 156 known species of glass frogs living throughout the neotropics, mainly in the northern Andes and Central America.
For the past decade, Guayasamin and his colleagues have been collecting glass frog DNA samples, both by tramping through the rainforest and by gathering specimens from museums and private collections in several countries. So far, the researchers have sequenced some genes for about 90 percent of the 150 existing glass frog species, he says. That’s how they found thatdiverge genetically by nearly five percent, a large gap for such otherwise similar amphibians.
Also surprising, Guayasamin says, is that both groups live geographically very close, about 13 miles apart from each other. Because the Guayllabamba River valley is drier and ecologically unique from the adjacent slopes, “what we are thinking is that the valley has kept these frogs from mixing with each other,” says Guayasamin. “When you have populations separated by a geographic barrier, you start having an accumulation of mutations in each group, and in time, they become genetically different.
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