Photonic time crystals could open the door to a new branch of optics
is due to the fast decay of the refractive index, and is not related to the probing wave. We can therefore say with high confidence that the relaxation time of 20–30 fs has a physical origin, and is not related to the measurement system.FDTD simulations of the transmission spectrograms of probe pulses passing through a slab whose refractive index is varied in time. The rise time of the refractive index and the slab width are the same in all simulations.
). This implies that, for long modulator pulses the probe will experience a smaller index change while traveling through the sample than with short modulator pulses. This intuitive explanation conforms to the red-shift of the mean wavelength observed inAnother issue that merits discussion is the discrepancy between the relaxation times extracted from the intensity measurements in, which shows a difference in the relaxation times of the transmitted and Fresnel-reflected light.
Before concluding, it is essential to add that we carried out similar experiments with another TCO material: AZO . The experimental data, shown in, suggests that the rise time of the refractive index in AZO behaves in a way similar to ITO. On the other hand, the relaxation time in AZO is very slow and, as a result, almost no blue-shift is observed.
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