A fertility procedure that mixes genetic material from three people to prevent couples from having children with certain debilitating and potentially fatal inherited disorders is now legal in two countries: the U.K. and Australia.
One ethnical conundrum about mitochondrial donation is that any child conceived this way would inherit modified DNA and pass that along to their own children.
"I think it's likely that we are going to go down this road to repair disease," Caplan says."I don't think all genetic engineering of embryos is wrong, but we have to draw the line between enhancement versus treating disease." For couples who want a child that shares at least some of their own DNA, there are other ways to have a child without damaged mitochondria. One option would be genetic screening of their embryos to find healthy embryos without this defect, which would work for some women who have relatively few mitochondrial mutations. Another alternative is using a donor egg from a woman with healthy mitochondria.
Mitochondrial donation may appeal to couples who want their children to have a genetic connection to both parents, Caplan says. But prospective parents also need to be aware that this procedure is relatively new and, unlike egg donation, doesn't have a long track record of success. "It looks promising, but we don’t have the full safety picture yet and we're not going to start to get it for another decade or so," Caplan cautions."I do think it's worth offering as one option, but you also have to get people to think about how important it is to have a biological child together and make sure that they understand that even if we try this technique, we don't know the long-term outcomes for children yet.
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