Space and astronomy news
Artist conception of early starbursting galaxies. Stars and galaxies are shown in the bright white points of light, while the more diffuse dark matter and gas are shown in purples and reds. Credit: Aaron M. Geller/Northwestern/CIERA + IT-RCDS, showing galaxy clusters and the gravitational lenses they produced. These lenses allowed astronomers to see deeper into the cosmos and spot galaxies as they appeared less than one billion years after the Big Bang .
The galaxy cluster SMACS 0723, as seen by NIRCam on JWST. Its gravitational lensing properties are helping astronomers identify 88 distant galaxies in this field of view for further study. Credit: NASA/ESA/CSA/STScI “The key is to reproduce a sufficient amount of light in a system within a short amount of time. That can happen either because the system is really massive or because it has the ability to produce a lot of light quickly. In the latter case, a system doesn’t need to be that massive. If star formation happens in bursts, it will emit flashes of light. That is why we see several very bright galaxies.
“Bursty star formation is especially common in low-mass galaxies. The details of why this happens are still the subject of ongoing research. But what we think happens is that a burst of stars form, then a few million years later, those stars explode as supernovae. The gas gets kicked out and then falls back in to form new stars, driving the cycle of star formation. But when galaxies get massive enough, they have much stronger gravity.
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