There are 156 known species of glass frogs living throughout the neotropics, mainly in the northern Andes and Central America. 'These tiny wonders keep surprising us.'
in Ecuador’s Andean foothills, a tiny bachelor glass frog sits on a leaf overhanging a stream. He has chosen the best real estate to try to impress a female, advertising his presence with a high-pitched call.
A male reticulated glass frog hangs upside down on a leaf next to its eggs in Costa Rica’s Caribbean rainforest. One theory suggests that the spotted pattern on the frog’s back mimics the eggs, confusing predators.Valencia-Aguilar’s research is one of several new findings about the biology of these alluring amphibians, named for their translucent skin.
This newly discovered glass frog in the Hyalinobatrachium genus measures less than an inch long. The amphibian is unique because of its high-pitched whistle and the black dots covering its body, which could act as camouflage in its rainforest environment.for example, that male glass frogs in some species are stellar parents—a rare trait among vertebrates. Males of at least 24 species not only protect their eggs from predators but also actively care for them—sometimes for weeks.
Some 25 million to 35 million years ago, when the first glass frogs evolved, mothers likely did all the work, Delia says. Then, about eight million to 25 million years ago, some males took over parenting, though why is a mystery. “It’s not just skin and its lack of pigments. You need transparent muscles and internal structures that scatter light in as few angles as possible,” Taboada says. Fluid between the tissue cells also may contain a substance that allows light to travel in a straight trajectory, reducing opacity, he says.
The glass frog’s transparency has another benefit: It disguises its familiar shape to would-be predators, such as birds, spiders, and snakes.
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