The United States' own carbon pollution has benefited the U.S. by more than $183 billion.
"Scientific studies such as this groundbreaking piece show that high emitters no longer have a leg to stand on in avoiding their obligations to address loss and damage," said Bahamian climate scientist Adelle Thomas of Climate Analytics, who wasn't part of the study. She said recent studies"increasingly and overwhelmingly show that loss and damage is already crippling developing countries.
To do the study, first Callahan looked at how much carbon each nation emitted and what it means for global temperatures, using large climate models and simulating a world with that country's carbon emissions, a version of the scientifically accepted attribution technique used for extreme weather events. He then connected that to economic studies that looked at the relationship between"We can actually fingerprint U.S. culpability on Angola's economic outcomes," Mankin said.
The five nations that were hit the most in overall dollars were Brazil, India, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Indonesia, but that's because they had the biggest economies of nations in the most vulnerable hot zone. But the countries that took the biggest hit based on GDP are the UAE, Mauritania, Saudi Arabia, Oman and Mali, Callahan said.
There has been push back at the international level from high-emissions countries about paying for loss and damages who worry that poor countries are not going to use climate finance as intended.Still, Mankin said he hopes the study empowers"the powerless and in the face of global climate change." But others in the climate community who have read the study said that more than information is needed to ensure that those most affected by climate change are compensated for their losses.
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