According to recent findings by Cambridge University researchers, an ancient stalagmite from a Himalayan cave contains evidence of multiple prolonged and severe droughts that may have led to the collapse of the Indus Civilization during the Bronze Age. The onset of the dry spell, which began roug
researchers, an ancient stalagmite from a Himalayan cave contains evidence of multiple prolonged and severe droughts that may have led to the collapse of the Indus Civilization during the Bronze Age.
The researchers charted historic rainfall by examining growth layers in a stalagmite collected from a cave near Pithoragarh, India. By measuring a range of environmental tracers — including oxygen, carbon, and calcium isotopes — they obtained a reconstruction showing relative rainfall at seasonal resolution. They also used high-precision Uranium-series dating to get a handle on the age and duration of the droughts.
According to Petrie: “The archaeological evidence indicates that over a 200-year period, the ancient inhabitants took various steps to adapt and remain sustainable in the face of this new normal.” During this transformation, larger urban sites were depopulated in favor of smaller rural settlements towards the eastern extent of the area occupied by Indus populations.
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