From the Archives: Stone tools and skeletons suggest that Neanderthals were mostly right-handed.
The human body is often visualized as a symmetrical form: Picture the geometric precision of Leonardo da Vinci’s iconic drawing of a man’s proportions encased by a circle and square. In reality, we are actually quite lopsided. Most people have a dominant ear; the same is true for eyes, feet, and hands. Handedness is perhaps the most obvious of these asymmetries.
Uomini focused on a collection of Acheulean tools—a technological toolkit that lasted for nearly 1.5 million years and was the primary tool type made by early Neanderthals and their predecessor Homo heidelbergensis. Many of these tools are characterized as hand axes: multiuse, teardrop-shaped tools crafted from a core of flint, chert, or other similar stone.
Archaeologist Olaf Jöris, a colleague of Uomini’s, applied this research to an assemblage of Neanderthal stone tools from Germany and found that at least 85 percent of those tools were made for right-handers, while some appear to have been modified specifically for left-handers. That work hasn’t been published yet.
Biological anthropologists have suggested for decades that this development in Neanderthal right-arm muscles was a result of the right-handed use of spears to hunt large game animals. The strength needed for the thrusting or throwing motion capable of killing a bison, horse, or reindeer would certainly be immense.
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