NGC 5068 is a barred spiral galaxy only 17 million light years away. The JWST has new images of it as part of the PHANGS program.
The image shows myriad individual stars, and clouds of gas lit up by the stars embedded in them. While those are stunning, and the JWST’s ability to resolve so many stars is extraordinary, something else draws our attention: the galaxy’s bar, seen in the upper mid-left.
The idea behind PHANGS is to measure the earliest stages of star formation and feedback. They also want to understand how starlight affected by dust can trace gas and star formation across diverse galactic environments. In short, star formation affects a lot of things, and a better understanding of the entire process will lead to discoveries in other areas of astrophysics and astronomy.
Bars have an important job. They channel gas from the spiral arms into the galactic center and trigger star birth. They also mix material in the inner regions of a galaxy and stimulate radial migration. Astronomers think that the bars are a recurring rather than permanent feature. On a scale of about two billion years, a galaxy oscillates between having a bar and not having one.
This image shows the anatomy of the Milky Way, also a barred spiral galaxy. Younger stars with higher metallicity exist in the center, while older stars with lower metallicity are in the halo. Image Credit: ESA NGC 5068 has a ‘shallow-steep’ metallicity radial profile, meaning that the inner stars have similar metallicity, hence, a shallow slope. But the outer stars have more variation in their metallicity, meaning they have a shallow slope in the gradient.
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