One of Einstein's predictions is that we should see time moving at different rates at different ages of the Universe. Researchers have confirmed this prediction out to half the age of the Universe using Type 1a supernovae as standard candles. Astronomers have gone much further back in time, observing quasars that sent out their light 12 billion years ago. Over this vast distance, time has slowed to a crawl, with every second experienced by those quasars taking five seconds from our perspective.
Because of this, one of the predictions of cosmology is that when we look at distant objects, peering into the deep and past universe, time should appear to move more slowly. From our vantage point, time was slower in the early universe. Much slower.
According to the standard cosmological model, this correlation between distance and time dilation should hold all the way back to the cosmic microwave background. And while all the evidence we’ve gathered supports that theory, our evidence has been somewhat limited. The most distant supernovae we’ve observed come from a time when the universe is a bit less than 4 billion years old. But a new study has proven the model for even greater distances, thanks to quasars.
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