An international team braved the far north in January to unlock secrets of how marine organisms tell day from night during the polar winter
Helmer Hanssen
But researchers eventually recognized they had a problem: how to study the wintertime exploits of ocean life that depends on darkness. I joined this international team of scientists on its cruise in January as they tested new ways to monitor ocean life in the Arctic night — without altering its behaviour.
“It was an accident, a complete surprise,” he recalls. Since then, Berge has led expeditions nearly every year to Svalbard to follow up on his discovery. He is principal investigator ofJørgen Berge serves as principal investigator of the Deep Impact expeditions.A gentle bear of a man, Berge has a legendary reputation among polar marine biologists.
Marine biologist Jackie Grebmeier at the University of Maryland Chesapeake Biological Laboratory in Solomons, who participated in a separate research voyage last year to the North Pole, says the Deep Impact expeditions are timely. “As the Arctic opens up, so will human impacts and artificial-light influence,” says Grebmeier. “The only way we’re going to have some protection and forecast impacts is to have these real-time data that Jørgen and his team are collecting.
The craft suddenly materializes from the dark. From her distant driver’s seat, Venables deftly turns the USV to run along our hull, recording the varying depths of fleeing zooplankton while a drone flying overhead photographs the watery halo of our illumination. A small remote-controlled vessel called Apherusa uses a sonar instrument to monitor how zooplankton react to artificial light.Can creatures such as krill really sense the difference between high noon and sunset during the polar night deep below the surface? Cohen and Last suspect so, but have lacked a sufficiently sensitive marine light meter.
In the harbour by the marine lab on shore, Muriel Dunn, one of Geoffroy’s PhD students, is tracking how zooplankton and fish move when they react to light. She is also using machine learning to identify creatures by the pattern of the sound frequencies they reflect. At the other end of the wharf, a construction crane dangles a submerged, bus-sized steel cage that is wrapped with nets to ensure that zooplankton and fish don’t escape as researchers test their reactions to light.
More than storms hinder the researchers’ plans. Working shoulder to shoulder in cramped labs and enduring the Arctic chill aboard small boats, team members battle various illnesses. Sore throats and coughs are spreading, but still no COVID-19.back to mainland Norway at the start of our journey and nearly cancelled the cruise.
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