An international team of scientists has found a whole new brand of brain cell hiding amongst neurons and their supporting units.
In exploring that hypothesis further, researchers from various institutions in the United Kingdom and Europe have stumbled upon a radical hybrid cell in the brains of mice.pharmacologist Andrea Volterra from the University of Lausanne in Switzerland Using single-cell RNA-sequencing, Volterra and his colleagues identified nine distinct clusters of astrocytes in the brain's hippocampus.
Cluster number 7 stood out. It was localized to very discrete parts of the brain's hippocampus, and possessed all the molecular machinery necessary to package up glutamate for release. Using a type of glutamate imaging on living mice, the researchers found these specialized cells release glutamate at precise hotspots that were reminiscent of a synapse – the space where two neurons usually communicate by releasing glutamate.
"They are cells that modulate neuronal activity, they control the level of communication and excitation of the neurons,"When the research team disrupted these astrocyte-like cells, mice showed memory impairments. Volterra says he and his colleagues are now planning future studies to explore the role of the hybrid cells in brain diseases like"By uncovering this atypical subpopulation of specialized astrocytes in the adult brain, we provide insights into the complex roles of astrocytes in central nervous system physiology and diseases, and identify a potential therapeutic target," the authors of the...
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