Nicoletta Lanese is the health channel editor at Live Science and was previously a news editor and staff writer at the site. She holds a graduate certificate in science communication from UC Santa Cruz and degrees in neuroscience and dance from the University of Florida.
A single, small molecule can restore muscle strength, fuel brain cell growth and reduce inflammation in old mice, new research shows.
"We have confidence that this mechanism would have beneficial effects with respect to things that impact health span," enabling people to live healthier lives into old age, DePinho told Live Science. TERT is a key cog in a cellular machine that extends the length of telomeres — protective caps that prevent fraying at the ends of chromosomes. The shortening of telomeres has been tied to aging and age-related diseases, such as cancer. This shortening happens partly because, with age, chemical tags build up on our chromosomes, causing what's known as"epigenetic" changes. Some of these changes switch off the gene for TERT, causing cells to make less of the protein.
"Our lab was the first to show that aging is a reversible process," and that TERT can mediate that shift into reverse, DePinho said. In 2010, DePinho and colleagues reported that, when they switched off the TERT gene in mice using experimental methods, the animals aged prematurely. Given these results, in the new study the researchers wanted to uncover drug-like substances that could boost TERT to levels seen in healthy, young cells. They developed a screen using mouse cells tweaked to carry the human version of the TERT gene. They screened 653,000 compounds in total, landing on one that appeared most potent, which they dubbed TERT-activating compound .
TAC works by jump-starting a chain of events in cells that switches on a master gene regulator and ultimately unmutes the TERT gene. These effects are temporary, peaking within about eight hours and wearing off after 24 hours of injection, DePinho said.
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