If the missing Titan submersible were near the Titanic, it would experience pressure higher than that of a great white shark bite
Search-and-rescue efforts continue for the Titan submersible, an underwater craft that went missing on Sunday with five people onboard during a dive to the shipwrecked remains of the Titanic. The submersible does not seem to be at the water’s surface, because attempts to locate the craft from the air have searched 10,000 square miles of ocean without a glimpse. Sonar buoys did, however, detect underwater banging noises within the search region.
If the Titan has become stranded at lower depths, one of the greatest dangers it faces is increasing water pressure as the ocean gets deeper. Everything on Earth’s surface experiences some pressure from the weight of the air above us. That’s why the pressure at sea level is often characterized as one atmosphere, a unit equivalent to almost 15 pounds per square inch . Start descending into the ocean, and the air’s weight is joined by that of the water.
Scientists have divided the ocean’s depths into various zones, and the light and pressure in each one determines what kind of life can survive there. For instance, a variety of plants and animals thrive in the epipelagic, or sunlight, zone—the top layer of water, where light is strong and pressure is relatively low.
To reach the remains of the Titanic, a vessel must go much lower than that. The wreck sits in the dark bathypelagic, or midnight, zone, at a spot 12,400 feet below the ocean’s surface. The pressure around the famous sunken ship is about 375 atmospheres. That means every square inch of an object’s surface experiences the equivalent of 5,500 pounds of force.
For submersibles to survive the equivalent of being crushed in a great white shark’s jaws, they must be built of strong materials and have a shape that will withstand the water pressing in on all sides. To cope with the latter, many of these vehicles are spherical; the missing Titan is cylindrical.
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