New research into aspirin might one day lead to safer painkillers or even new cancer treatments.
“Aspirin is a magic drug, but long-term use of it can cause detrimental side effects such as internal bleeding and organ damage,” said study author Subhrangsu Mandal, a professor of chemistry and biochemistry, in afrom the ASBMB. “It’s important that we understand how it works so we can develop safer drugs with fewer side effects.”
Aspirin is known to inhibit enzymes called cyclooxygenase, or COX. These enzymes play a vital role in producing other chemicals that cause inflammation. The researchers say they discovered several ways that aspirin influences this process, from controlling transcription factors that allow the expression of cytokines to slowing the breakdown of the amino acid tryptophan, another important player in inflammation. It also seems to accomplish the latter by inhibiting the production of indoleamine dioxygenases , particularly IDO1, during the inflammatory process.
This interplay could be important for treating other kinds of illness beyond the typical indications for aspirin, the researchers say. They note that some immunotherapy treatments, which try to strengthen the immune system’s response to cancer, also targetAdvertisementthe very beginning of the road. Mandel and his team say that they’re now trying to create small molecules in the lab that similarly inhibit COX/IDO1, which they will test out as potential anti-inflammatory and immunotherapy drugs.
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