Discovering how high-fat diets can promote weight gain through brain inflammation could be an important step toward anti-obesity treatments in the future.
Researchers from Canada's Memorial University have identified an inflammatory pathway in the brain linking high-fat diets to the activation of appetite-promoting neurons.This inflammation is particularly seen in the hypothalamus, a region of the brain involved in maintaining balance within the body, including appetite regulation.
However, inflammation in this same area has also been associated with sickness-induced weight loss. So how can this inflammation cause both weight loss and weight gain? First, it's necessary to understand how the hypothalamus regulates the body's energy balance. One of the key neurons involved in this system is called the melanin-concentrating hormone neuron. From their name, you would be forgiven for assuming that MCH neurons were related to skin color and eye pigmentation. But their role actually has a lot more to do with the body's energy balance.
A high-fat diet can lead to brain inflammation, which in turn activates neurons involved in weight gain and appetite stimulation."Melanin-concentrating hormone was originally discovered in fish as a hormone that concentrates melanin in the skin, hence changing the skin color," Fang said."In mammals, melanin-concentrating hormone is found in cells in the brain and is most well known to regulate body weight.
"Some other important roles of MCH in the brain are promoting sleep, as well as regulating mood and memory," Fang said.
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