A study that peered into live mouse brains suggests for nearly 70 years we've been targeting the wrong neurons in our design of antipsychotic drugs.
Max G. Levy, most antipsychotic medications – including the first one approved in 1954, chlorpromazine – have been discovered serendipitously."So we don't know what they actually do to the brain."common symptoms of schizophrenia such asThese antipsychotic drugs, they learned, stifled dopamine transmission between brain cells, and the most potent ones were compatible with a particular type of dopamine receptor labelled D2.of the brain, express either D1 or D2 receptors.
To investigate, Yun, Parker and their team injected mice with one of four drugs used to treat psychotic illness, and watched how the animals behaved and how their brain cells responded. They found that haloperidol and olanzapine, two older but efficacious antipsychotics, had some effect on D2 spiny neurons, but their interactions were mostly happening at D1 neurons.
Clozapine, a newer, powerful antipsychotic with fewer side effects, steered clear of D2 neurons, and overwhelmingly suppressed D1 cells, which could somehow"explain its clinical superiority, particularly for treatment-resistant schizophrenia," the researchers
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