Study findings suggest specific targets for future drugs. A previously unknown way in which cannabidiol (CBD), a substance found in cannabis, reduces seizures in many treatment-resistant forms of pediatric epilepsy has been revealed by a new scientific study. Led by researchers at NYU Grossman
This microscope image of the brain region called the hippocampus shows the protein targeted by cannabis-derived CBD, GPR55 , and brain cells that send their extensions out to form the layers seen in the image. The interconnected nature of the hippocampus makes it a major site of for the initiation and spread of seizures. Credit: Tsien et al, Courtesy of Cell Presscannabidiol
“Our results deepen the field’s understanding of a central seizure-inducing mechanism, with many implications for the pursuit of new treatment approaches,” said corresponding author Richard W. Tsien, chair of the Department of Physiology and Neuroscience at NYU Langone Health. The tests confirmed past findings that LPI influences nerve signals by binding to a protein called G-coupled receptor 55 , on neuron cell surfaces. This LPI-GPR55 presynaptic interaction was found to cause the release of calcium ions within the cell, which encouraged cells to release glutamate, the main excitatory neurotransmitter.
Further, the current study examined the plant-based cannabinoid CBD, but the authors note that LPI is part of a signaling network that includes “endocannabinoids” like 2- that occur naturally in human tissues. LPI and 2-AG target receptors are also regulated by CBD, but have different actions at the synapse. While LPI amplifies incoming electrical signals, endocannabinoids like 2-AG respond to increases in brain activity by dialing down the release of neurotransmitters from nerve cells.
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