Using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), astronomers have detected the magnetic field of a galaxy so far away that its light has taken more than 11 billion years to reach us: We see it as it was when the universe was just 2.5 billion years old. The result provides astronomers with vital clues about how the magnetic fields of galaxies like our own Milky Way came to be.
Lots of astronomical bodies in the universe, whether they are planets, stars or galaxies, have magnetic fields.
Now, using ALMA, in which the European Southern Observatory is a partner, Geach and his team have discovered a fully formed magnetic field in a distant galaxy, similar in structure to what is observed in nearby galaxies. The field is about 1,000 times weaker than Earth's magnetic field, but extends over more than 16,000 light-years.
"This discovery gives us new clues as to how galactic-scale magnetic fields are formed," explains Geach. Observing a fully developed magnetic field this early in the history of the universe indicates that magnetic fields spanning entire galaxies can form rapidly while young galaxies are still growing.could have played a role in accelerating the development of the fields. Moreover, these fields can in turn influence how later generations of stars will form.
To make this detection, the team searched for light emitted by dust grains in a distant galaxy, 9io9. Galaxies are packed full of dust grains, and when a magnetic field is present, the grains tend to align and the light they emit becomes polarized. This means that the light waves oscillate along a preferred direction rather than randomly.
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