Remembering seasonal coronaviruses: Two 2020 studies in Science revealed that individuals exposed and unexposed to SARSCoV2 have cross-reactive serum antibodies against the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal human coronaviruses. ScienceMagArchives
) reveal that individuals exposed and unexposed to SARS-CoV-2 have cross-reactive serum antibodies against the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal HCoVs.
Four seasonal HCoV strains cause cold symptoms in humans: 229E, NL63, OC43, and HKU1. Despite using different host receptors for cellular entry, all HCoVs express the spike protein on their surface. The spike protein is composed of two subunits: S1 contains the receptor-binding domain , which is responsible for binding to host cell receptors, and S2 is critical for mediating viral and host cell membrane fusion and cell entry.
Upon SARS-CoV-2 infection, individuals showed increased production of antibodies that cross-react with the spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal HCoVs, called back-boosting . Back-boosting is a common phenomenon observed after influenza virus infection and vaccination that results in the recall of antibodies targeting conserved epitopes of past circulating influenza viruses .
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