Using light to create transient phases in quantum materials is a novel method for engineering new properties like superconductivity or nanoscale topological defects, however, visualizing the growth of these phases in solids is challenging due to the wide range of spatial and time scales involved in
Scientists have explained light-induced phase transitions in quantum materials through nanoscale dynamics, but producing real space images has proved difficult, leading to no one having seen them yet., ICFO researchers Allan S. Johnson and Daniel Pérez-Salinas, led by former ICFO Prof. Simon Wall, in collaboration with colleagues fromDiamond Light Source
The new technique implemented by the researchers is based on coherent X-ray hyperspectral imaging at a free electron laser, which has allowed them to visualize and better understand, at the nanoscale, the insulator-to-metal phase transition in this very well-known quantum material. The crystal VO2 has been widely used in studying light-induced phase transitions. It was the first material to have its solid-solid transition tracked by time-resolved X-ray diffraction and its electronic nature was studied by using for the first time ultrafast X-ray absorption techniques. At room temperature, VO2 is in the insulating phase.
To identify the role played by the pressure in the process, it was crucial to use the hyperspectral image. “By combining imaging and spectroscopy into one great image, we are able to retrieve much more information that permits us to actually see detailed features and decipher exactly where they come from,” continues Johnson.
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