This international genome-wide study of ADHD — the largest to date — identified 27 genetic risk variants that influence ADHD and shed light on the genetic underpinnings of ADHD and its comorbidities.
“This emphasizes that ADHD should be seen as a brain developmental disorder, and that [ADHD] is most likely influenced by genes that have a major impact on the brain’s early development,” said Ditte Demontis, one of the study’s authors and a professor atResearchers estimated that up to 7,300 common genetic variants influence ADHD, highlighting its polygenicity.
“There was a time about 30 years ago when many scientists — and the general public — thought that… we would find the [one] gene for ADHD, bipolar disorder, autism, and so on,” said Joel Nigg, Ph.D., in a. “That is clearly wrong. We now know after 25 to 30 years of extensive genetic research that lots of genes are involved in these conditions; there’s lots of overlap and genetic correlations.
According to the study, 84% to 98% of common variants tied to ADHD seemed to influence other psychiatric disorders including autism spectrum disorder, depression, and schizophrenia. This correlates with the“As many as 80% of adults with ADHD have at least one co-existing psychiatric disorder, while approximately 60% of children with ADHD have at least one co-occurring condition,” wrote Theresa Cerulli, M.D.
“The presence of co-occurring conditions almost always muddles the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of ADHD,” Cerulli wrote. “ADHD and comorbidities may also influence the presentation and severity of one another, which can complicate the detection and treatment of symptoms. This GWAS meta-analysis of ADHD is the largest to date. Researchers analyzed twice as many ADHD cases and identified more than double the number of ADHD-associated loci compared to a 2019 GWAS.
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