🔄FROM THE ARCHIVE: The puzzle pieces of Earth's lithosphere are always in motion, slamming against each other and grinding past one another.
The landmass was likely centered around the North American Plate’s craton, which may have been smashed against what’s now East Antarctica and southern Africa.While Rodinia was not the first supercontinent, it’s the earliest one that everyone seems to agree existed — just don’t ask what it looked like.
What set the plates in motion is still debated, but most researchers think that subduction — when one plate overrides another — explains why they remain in motion. The immense force of the cooler, denser plate being pushed down into the mantle creates tremendous energy, which then circulates in a convective flow, pushing up hotter, less dense magma that breaks through to the surface along divergent boundaries.
Salt crystals left impressions in 3.5 billion-year-old mudstone, part of WesternAustralia's Pilbara Craton. The craton, a stable interior of a continental plate, maybe one of two remaining pieces of Vaalbara, a theoretical supercontinent. Theother piece, the Kaapvaal Craton, is in southern Africa. A host of satellites, plus additional ground monitoring networks, precisely track current plate movement speeds.
The once-massive Farallon oceanic plate, for example, is nearly gone, subducted beneath the North American Plate. Just a few slivers of the Farallon remain, along the Mexican coast, south of Baja California and in the Pacific Northwest. Researchers have been tracking the plate as it sinks ever deeper into the mantle.
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