Airlines could soon start using fuels made from animal fats to help them meet their climate targets – but this could end up increasing carbon emissions rather than reducing them.
Airlines could soon start using fuels made from animal fats to help them meet their climate targets. However, this could increase carbon emissions rather than reduce them,European Union regulations encourage the use of animal fats as a fuel and also require airlines to increase the proportion of “sustainable aviation fuels” they use by 2030.
. The first is that, although animal fats are waste products of the meat industry, they are already used. “With used cooking oil, to a great extent, the biodiesel industry has given a use to something that wasn’t being well utilised, but it’s different with animal fats,” says analystIn 2006, the meat industries in the UK and European Union produced around 2.4 million tonnes of rendered, or purified, fat.
This means that if the aviation industry starts using significant amounts of animal fat to make what it terms sustainable aviation fuel, there is going to be less for these existing purposes. The cosmetic and pet food industries are likelySign up to our Fix the Planet newsletterThat means more forests will be cleared to produce more palm oil, which could lead to emissions increasing by up to 70 per cent compared with carrying on using fossil fuels to power aircraft instead, the report says.
The second major issue is that using animal fat-based fuels gives the aviation industry a relatively cheap and easy way to help it meet the very modest targets for increasing the use of “sustainable aviation fuels”, says Malins. It is an alternative to investing in more expensive but better approaches such as cellulosic biofuels, which are made from the fibrous parts of plants, he says.
As there is little animal fat to go around this is no long-term solution. Demand for jet fuel in the EU is projected to reach about 46 million tonnes of crude oil equivalent a year by 2030. If all the animal fat produced in the EU were turned into jet fuel, it could supply at most 3 per cent of that, Malins calculates. That is unsurprising given it would take the fat from 8800 pigs to fly from Paris to New York.
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