Vaccination, Omicron’s tendency to cause milder disease, and its distinct biology may all play a role in driving down the risk of LongCovid.
“The risk of Long Covid is not comparable between these variants,” says Philipp Kohler, an infectious disease specialist at St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, who co-led the Swiss study. Vaccination, Omicron’s tendency to cause milder disease, and its distinct biology may all play a role, though the degree to which different factors blunt risk is a mystery.
A survey given in June 2022 asked about Long Covid symptoms. “We decided this is not a yes or no question,” Kohler says, so among nearly 3000 respondents, the team counted how many of 18 typical Long Covid symptoms—such as headache, cough, joint pain, and brain fog—they had. Because many people in the general population have at least some of those symptoms, the team compared their frequency across different groups, including controls.
In some ways, these numbers aren’t surprising. During acute illness, Omicron is much less likely to land patients in the hospital due to severe disease, which researchers know is a major risk factor for Long Covid. But Steves says her data show lowered Long Covid risk “is not just about severity.” Her group analyzed data on only nonhospitalized individuals and found the same gap. “I think it’s highly likely that [Omicron] is acting as a different virus,” she says.
Though shifting variants are likely driving down Long Covid risk, vaccination is probably playing a role, too, although untangling its potency can be tricky. In Kohler’s study, outcomes after Omicron didn’t appear affected by vaccination, but other studies see a link.preliminary data
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