The biological realm of existence is the most fundamental. It exists in all living things. In humans, my main focus, it enables neurobiological, cognitive, and conscious realms.
Early on, biological science was challenged by vitalism, which attributed life to vital spirit forces.Artificial intelligence is another threat to biological science.The world we live in is filled with things that we distinguish from other things. Perhaps the most fundamental difference is between things that are alive and those that are not.
But sometimes radical changes occur. These are called"major evolutionary transitions." Examples include the transition of inorganic matter to biological life, the evolution of multicellular from unicellular life, the evolution of nervous systems in animals, and the evolution ofand consciousness in some animals with nervous systems. In other words, the emergence of each of the four realms of existence was a major transition.forces proposed by vitalists and creationists.
In many regards the vertebrate organism, whether fish or mammal, is a well-knit unit structure. But in other respects there seems to be a somewhat imperfect welding, functionally and structurally, of two somewhat distinct beings: an external, 'somatic', animal, including most of the flesh and bone of our body, . . .
Romer's somatic and visceral ways of existing make up two fundamental components of the biological realm. Although he emphasized vertebrates, his distinction applies to all life forms—even single-cell microbes have visceral and somatic functions. As I will discuss in the next post, on the neurobiological realm, the somatic-visceral partition defines two fundamental components of the
Although I have said a lot about the evolution of our four realms, as we go forward in this series of posts, my emphasis will shift away from which organisms have which realms and toward how the realms manifest in the human organism.As the lines between real and fake blur, Americans increasingly chase the idea of authenticity. The first step may be to consider self-knowledge, truthfulness, and other building blocks on the road to personal growth.
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