Worries that the immune system would get ‘stuck’ on the original SARS-CoV-2 strain are dispelled by laboratory experiments.
analysing how a booster shot or breakthrough infection affects antibody-producing cells: some of these cells evolve over time to exclusively create new antibodies that target new strains, whereas others produce antibodies against both new and old strains.
The studies were published last month on the preprint server bioRxiv. Neither has yet been peer-reviewed.and began infecting vaccinated people, pharmaceutical companies rushed to develop Omicron-specific booster shots. In August, the US Food and Drug Administration approved ‘bivalent’ shots that target the BA.4 and BA.5 variants and the original strain. In September, European regulators approved a booster against the BA.1 Omicron variant.
Imprinting, also called ‘original antigenic sin’, refers to the immune system’s tendency to fixate on the first version of a pathogen that it encounters, regardless of subsequent attacks by different variants. Researchers have long worried that the immune system could be imprinted with the original version of SARS-CoV-2, which could explain why variants, such as Omicron, nimbly evade mRNA vaccines developed against the original SARS-CoV-2 strain.
He says that designing boosters that target circulating strains might be worthwhile, even if the virus evolves to avoid them. That’s because any strain that arises will be genetically closer to the one just before it than to the original strain and the vaccines against it.
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