Patrick Pester is a freelance writer and previously a staff writer at Live Science. His background is in wildlife conservation and he has worked with endangered species around the world. Patrick holds a master's degree in international journalism from Cardiff University in the U.K.
The rocks provide early evidence of plate tectonics, which explains Earth's crust as split into large plates that glide across the mantle. The rocks also point to what conditions may have been like when life first evolved.
"The energy released in these earthquakes is absolutely huge, and it shakes the whole region," lead author Simon Lamb, a geologist at Victoria University of Wellington in New Zealand, told Live Science.The Barberton Greenstone, named after its greenish hue, provides one of the most extensive geological records for Earth between 3.2 billion and 3.6 billion years ago, according to the study.
Lamb noticed the geology was similar to what he had seen along the eastern side of New Zealand in 20 million-year-old rocks and more recent submarine landslides. Specifically, the Great Marlborough Conglomerate — remnants of a continental shelf that has collapsed in submarine landslides — in the Hikurangi subduction zone was strikingly similar to the bedrock of the Barberton Greenstone Belt, according to a statement released by GNS Science.
The Great Marlborough Conglomerate formation could be the result of thousands of earthquakes over millions of years, with each quake shifting the largest blocks, according to the study.
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