New research sheds light on how the brain learns to function automatically at lightning-fast speeds without overthinking.
Automaticity is a cerebellum-driven function rooted in Purkinje cells.Source: Kateryna Kon/ShutterstockAt the time, neuroscientists were just beginning to understand how the distinctive, fan-shaped Purkinje cells located in the cerebellum were key to automatically perfecting well-coordinated muscle movements—such as those used when handling surgical instruments or a tennis racket.
The same well-conditioned cerebellar reflexes that cause automatic eyeblinks in a science lab facilitate muscle memory in sports and daily life. Purkinje cells that have been conditioned and learned to function automatically through lots of"practice, practice, practice" make it possible for athletes—or anyone who's repeatedly practiced something involving muscle memory—to perform with precision at lightning-fast speeds without overthinking.
In typical, unperturbed eyeblink conditioning, Purkinje cells learn to associate the visual cue of seeing a flash of light with a puff of air. Hence, the eyelids automatically blink when the light flashes, even if there isn't a puff of air. However, during this experiment, the researchers blocked climbing fibers' ability to send instructive signals to Purkinje cells via complex spikes, which teach the cerebellum how to perform reflexively with automaticity.
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