Recent findings seemed to debunk the widely accepted idea that lower serotonin activity played a key role in depression. But a new study suggests that conclusion may have been premature.
naive") versus those who had but were not taking them during the study, but this finding is hard to interpret due to the small number of participants in the prior medication group.Overall, this study found diminished serotonin activity in patients with diagnoses of clinical depression. This does not mean that depression is caused by serotonin deficiency or that medications that increase serotonin will treat depression. If only it were that easy.
The picture is much more complex than that, with an array of not only many different serotonin receptors and systems throughout the brain but also many other factors, including but not limited to an array of implicated non-serotonin neurotransmitters , the role of other biological factors and psychosocial factors, and the increasingly recognized role of supporting role of glial cells in brain function–cells which are not neurons but which support and modulate what neurons do.
However, it is only one study with a relatively small number of participants, and as with any study requires replication to determine if it is really true and to build in more nuance to the study design to account for potential confounding factors . In addition to the main finding that people with depression do have lower serotonin activity compared with those without depression, at least here, this work is important because it is proof of concept for a study approach to directly assess brain serotonin activity. This approach can and will be refined–for example, using challenges other than with d-amphetamine to perturb serotonin tracer activity.
Nevertheless, it is a powerful tool and one which, along with others under development such as computational tools to develop better ways of understanding psychiatric conditions ,will help to usher in a new era, with the expectation that growing understanding will enable more effective treatment and ultimate reduce the considerable suffering associated with mental illness.1.
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