A single administration of the antibody was able to generate a whole tooth in mice.
The researchers state that the molecules behind tooth development were already known. "The morphogenesis of individual teeth depends on the interactions of several molecules including BMP, or bone morphogenetic protein, and Wnt signaling,", one of the lead authors of the study and a senior lecturer at the Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine. USAG-1 interacts with both BMP and Wnt, and the researchers knew that suppressing it would benefit tooth growth.
The researchers examined the effects of several monoclonal antibodies, which are often used to treat cancers and in , for USAG-1. One of the antibodies was able to disrupt the interaction of USAG-1 with BMP only, without any side effects. When the researchers experimented with this antibody, it was seen that BMP signaling is essential for determining the number of teeth in mice, and amazingly, a single administration was able to generate a whole tooth.
These findings are promising since ferrets have similar dental patterns to humans. As the next step, the researchers want to test antibodies on animals such as pigs and dogs.
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