The NASA spacecraft launches Thursday (July 14) on a SpaceX rocket.
In practical terms, EMIT aims to learn whether dust warms or cools the planet and how that changes over time, which will require more information about the dust's composition. Dust-producing desert regions tend to be undersampled in the data because most of the existing information comes from 5,000 sites that are in more farmable regions, where commercial and agricultural researchers seek information on growing crops.
"Normally in climate models, we model dust as yellow — the average color of all types of dust — but if you've ever gone to a desert region, you’ll know that sand is not all one color," Mahowald said."So this assumption that it's uniform across the globe doesn't reflect what's happening in reality." EMIT, which will be mounted aboard ISS, aims to map mineral dust sources from an altitude of 250 miles . The instrument will focus on analyzing particle color and composition of 10 dust varieties, particularly dark-red iron oxide dust associated with strong atmospheric warming.
"Knowing which kinds of dust prevail on the surface in each region will provide new information about the composition of particles lifted and transported through the air. With these insights, climate scientists can hone their understanding of mineral dust’s regional and global climate effects," JPL officials wrote.
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