A new study uses a signal emitted shortly after the Big Bang, the cosmic microwave background, to explore how dark matter is distributed around ancient galaxies.
Though it’s tricky to measure “invisible” matter, the typical approach involves two galaxies, one in the foreground and one in the background. According to Einstein, the immense gravity of the foreground galaxy actually warps the fabric of space-time near it. Thus, as light from the background galaxy travels past the foreground galaxy, it gets bent, as if by an optical lens.
But this method only works when the source galaxy is bright enough to actually shed light on the lens galaxy. And because extremely distant galaxies are extremely faint, astronomers have so far been unable to assess dark matter in galaxies from before around 8 billion to 10 billion years ago. This has left them largely in the dark about the true structure of the early universe.
“I was happy that we opened a new window into that era,” says Hironao Miyatake, another study author and astronomer at Nagoya University, in a press release. "12 billion years ago, things were very different.” “Our finding is still uncertain,” Miyatake says in a press release. “But if it is true, it would suggest that the entire model is flawed as you go further back in time. This is exciting because if the result holds after the uncertainties are reduced, it could suggest an improvement of the model that may provide insight into the nature of dark matter itself.”
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