Maternal death rates doubled in the past 20 years in the US

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Maternal death rates doubled in the past 20 years in the US
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Maternal mortality rates in the U.S. progressively worsened from 1999 to 2019, a new study finds, and Black populations face the greatest risk.

The research, published in July in the journal JAMA, reveals maternal mortality rates more than doubled in the U.S. in the past 20 years and bolsters existing evidence that certain racial and ethnic groups are at a greater risk of maternal mortality than others. The study used data on deaths and live births from the National Vital Statistics System and generated estimates of maternal deaths by state, race and ethnicity from 1999 to 2019.

In the study period, the median rate of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births increased from 26.7 to 55.4 in the Black population and from 14.0 to 49.2 among American Indian and Alaska Native populations. Rates rose from 9.6 to 20.9 among the Asian, Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander populations, from 9.6 to 19.1 among Hispanic people, and from 9.4 to 26.3 among white people.

The overall rates of maternal mortality are far higher in the U.S. than in other industrialized countries. According to the study's findings, there were an estimated 12.7 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births in the U.S. in 1999. In 2019, this rate more than doubled to 32.2 deaths per 100,000 births. By comparison, Canada currently reports 10 deaths per 100,000 live births, the U.K. reports 9.6 deaths per 100,000 births, and Norway and Denmark report 2.7 and 2.

While the study findings are alarming, there are initiatives underway to reduce maternal mortality rates and address the observed disparities. An increasing number of states are extending the period in which new mothers can qualify for Medicaid postpartum, for example, and there's been a recent push for implicit bias training, a measure now mandatory for all California-based providers caring for patients immediately before and after birth.

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