The report finds a heightened risk for lung problems, fatigue, diabetes and other health woes.
Patient Mike Camilleri works with physical therapist Beth Hughes in St. Louis, Mo., on March 1, 2023. Somehow, a mild case of COVID-19 set off a chain reaction that eventually left Camilleri with dangerous blood pressure spikes, a heartbeat that raced with slight exertion, and episodes of intense chest pain.
According to the findings, patients who suffered bouts of COVID severe enough to put them in the hospital are especially vulnerable to persistent health problems and death two years after they were first infected. But people with mild or moderate cases are not spared from the consequences when compared with those who never had COVID, showing an elevated risk of two dozen medical conditions included in the analysis.
Long COVID remains a murky syndrome. Investigators participating in a growing body of research define it by different symptoms and different time frames, and some clinicians still do not always regard patients’ complaints as a serious phenomenon. According to Al-Aly, just two other known studies have used two-year time horizons, but they focused on a narrow group of symptoms, such as nervous system effects.
For the bulk of COVID survivors in the study with milder cases, their long-term risks were less but not entirely gone. By six months after having tested positive, they were no more likely to die than people uninfected by COVID.
The Nature Medicine paper noted that the COVID survivors tracked in the analysis are not entirely representative of who is most likely to develop long COVID. Because the patients in the study are veterans, the group is older than typical, and nine out of 10 are men, while women account for more than half of long-COVID patients in the general population.
Al-Aly said he and co-authors are working on a three-year analysis and plan to assess the same patients five years and a decade after they first developed COVID.
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