“It’s the first evidence of natural selection because of a pathogen in the Americas.”
that the COVID-19 pandemic brought, Hünemeier wondered whether past pandemics had left a mark in the genomes of Indigenous peoples who live in the Amazon rainforest. It’s a phenomenon with historical precedent: Last year, researchers found some survivors of the bubonic plague during the Middle Agesbecause they possessed a gene variant that made them more resistant to catching the plague-causing bacterium.
To see whether any diseases had left a similar genetic mark in Amazonian communities, Hünemeier and colleagues turned to genomes housed within the Human Genome Diversity Project, a database of more than 1000 individuals from 52 different ethnic groupsThe team compared the genomes of 118 individuals belonging to 19 different Native communities in the Amazon—including the Xikrin-Kayapo and Parakanã peoples—with the genomes of 35 individuals from closely related Native cultures in Mexico...
After statistically accounting for more recent causes of population bottlenecks—including the genocide of Indigenous people during Portuguese colonization—the scientists found that in Indigenous groups from the Amazon, natural selection was responsible for a handful of genes related to cardiovascular functions and metabolism. But three genes stood out:
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