A major milestone has just been reached in quantum computing.
before it is measured. This endeavor is highly prone to error, however, and improving the fidelity of quantum operations has been the subject of intense study.
In 2014, Morello and his colleagues were able to demonstrate a whopping 35-second lifespan for quantum information in a silicon substrate. Their qubits were based on the spin states of nuclei, which, isolated from their environment, enabled the setting of a. But that very isolation proved a problem, too: it made it harder for the qubits to communicate with each other, which is necessary for performing quantum computation.
To resolve this issue, Morello and team introduced an electron to their system of two phosphorus nuclei via ion implantation into the silicon, one of the fundamental processes for making microchips. This is how they created their three-qubit system, and it worked."If you have two nuclei that are connected to the same electron, you can make them do a quantum operation,""While you don't operate the electron, those nuclei safely store their quantum information.
The other two teams took a different approach. They created quantum dots of silicon and silicon-germanium alloy, and installed a two-electron qubit gate; that is, a circuit of multiple qubits. Then, they tweaked the voltage applied to their respective systems, using a protocol calledBoth teams found that they too had achieved higher than 99 percent fidelity in their systems.
"The presented result makes spin qubits, for the first time, competitive against superconducting circuits and ion traps in terms of universal quantum control performance,"
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