While wind speeds grab our attention as a hurricane approaches, one of the more deadly and destructive aspects of these storms is actually the surge of water that moves over the shore and up into rivers and bays at landfall.
The sudden rise of water topped by already high and powerful waves delivers an incredible battering blow to the coast, which can sweep homes off their foundations. The storm surge can flood low-lying areas miles inland.In the open, ocean hurricane winds push the water toward the center of the storm. Instead of piling up, the water spirals downward and flows away.
Size and speed also are important. When approaching an open coast, a faster-moving hurricane produces a higher surge. However, when a storm moves toward an enclosed bay, such as Charlotte Harbor on Florida’s Gulf coast, a slower storm produces a bigger surge. Storm surge is only one factor that impacts water level. If a storm arrives during a lunar high tide, the water level will be even higher. The surge and tide combined are referred to as storm tide.
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