The discovery of water vapor trailing the Jovian moon sets the scene for future missions that will determine if Europa could harbor life.
"The observation of water vapor on Ganymede and on the trailing side of Europa advances our understanding of the atmospheres of icy moons," Roth said in a European Space Agency press release."The detection of a stable H2O abundance on Europa is surprising because the surface temperatures are so low."
In order to discover the water vapor, Roth examined data collected by the Hubble Space Telescope collected in 1999, 2012, 2014, and 2015. The observations were collected usingSTIS allows astronomers to assess the chemical elements that make up a planet or a moon's atmosphere. The instrument aboard Hubble has also been used to detect oxygen in Europa's atmosphere.
Water vapor has been detected in Europa's atmosphere before but it was associated with plumes that violently erupt through the Jovian moon's icy shell. This launches water vapor as high as 62 miles into the Europan atmosphere. This water vapor was labeled"transient" by researchers as it lasted only briefly and was limited to certain areas around Europa.
The observation of water vapor in the trailing atmosphere of Europa appears to be persistent, meaning it is a feature that exists at all times. It is also found in a much wider area than previous observations.other icy moons will soon be visited ESA's JUpiter ICy moons Explorer mission. JUICE is set to launch in 2022 and it will arrive at Jupiter's system in 2031.
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