Crowdsourced vehicle data trace the contours of dangerous city temperatures
Early one May morning in 1927 researcher Wilhelm Schmidt attached a mercury thermometer to his car door and drove around Vienna for three hours, recording temperatures. His resulting thermal maps showed hotter areas that coincided with “tightly built parts of the inner city” and cooler contours tracing wooded patches, grassy parks and waterways. Schmidt's efforts were the first to map a city's “islands” of heat in a “sea” of lower-temperature surroundings.
Urban heat islands occur when natural land cover is replaced with asphalt, concrete, steel, or other materials that absorb and retain more heat than their surroundings. This keeps these areas warmer, especially at night. Heat islands also affect a city's air quality by influencing humidity and how pollutants get distributed in the atmosphere. “With the increase of extreme events like heat waves, city planners need to rethink how urban spaces are designed,” Marques says.
“Connected vehicle observations related to weather are an underused source of microscale observations,” says Amanda Siems-Anderson, a research scientist at the U.S. National Center for Atmospheric Research , who was not involved in the study. “This work demonstrates a novel use for these data.
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